Joe Madison Kilgore (December 10, 1918 - February 10, 1999) was a U.S. Representative from Texas.
Born in Brown County, near Brownwood, Texas, Kilgore attended the public schools of Rising Star, Texas. He moved with his family to Mission, Texas, in 1929, where he again attended the public schools. He attended Westmoreland College (now Trinity University), San Antonio, Texas, in 1935 and 1936. Interrupted law schooling at the University of Texas in July 1941 to enlist in the United States Army Air Corps and served as a combat pilot in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations. Separated from the service as a lieutenant colonel in 1945. Awarded the Silver Star, Distinguished Flying Cross, and Air Medal with two oak leaf clusters. He returned to the University of Texas Law School. He was admitted to the bar in 1946 and commenced the practice of law in Edinburg, Texas. He served as member of the State house of representatives from 1947 to 1954. He served as delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1956, 1960, and 1968.
Kilgore was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-fourth and to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1955-January 3, 1965). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1964 to the Eighty-ninth Congress. Instead, he resumed the practice of law. He was a resident of Austin until his death there on February 10, 1999. He is interred at the Texas State Cemetery there.